Cost per hire: Average annual pay × recruiting & onboarding % ÷ 100. Vacancy cost: pay × vacancy & ramp-up % ÷ 100. Defaults 10% and 20% are illustrative demonstration values, not industry standards; the two do not overlap.
Annual impact: Headcount × turnover % ÷ 100 × (cost per hire + vacancy per hire). Assumes stable headcount and every departure replaced.
Industry taxonomy: O*NET OnLine browse-by-industry, expanded with care and SMB NAICS detail.
Pay: BLS QCEW 2024 annual averages, private ownership (own_code 5). Fallback order: metro industry → state industry → national industry → broader NAICS parent. Metro pay embeds industry×MSA cells across curated MSAs. Suppressed QCEW cells (stored as 0 / omitted) fall through the chain. Benchmarks embedded as of 2026-11-05 — not a live API.
Turnover: JOLTS Table 20 2025 annual-average monthly total separations × 12 × (state all-industry monthly ÷ U.S. 3.3%). Healthcare subsectors use Health care and social assistance. Separations count events, not unique people.
ZIP → market: Embedded GeoNames U.S. postal codes (ZIP3→state) plus ZIP3→MSA from Census 2023 CBSA county delineation. Rural / split ZIP3s stay statewide. Data embedded as of download — not fetched at runtime.